世界上最好的教育是大自然教育

「真正的世界不在你的書或地圖中，而是在門外。」這是雲鹿幼兒園國際設計中心每位設計師經常說的一句話。的確，看似不務正業的旅行、踏青，對孩子產生的積極影響要比關在屋子裡死命學習大得多。

"The real world is not in your book or map, but in the door." This is the Zhang Xiaoguang kindergarten International Design Center, often say each designer. Indeed, the seemingly unprofessional travel, outgrowing, have a positive impact on children much more than the deadlock in the room.
美國著名作家Richard Louv在《林間最後的小孩》一書中使用「自然缺失症」一詞，描繪現代社會的孩子們與大自然缺乏聯繫的事實。

The famous American writer Richard Louv used the term "natural deficiency syndrome" in the book The Last Child in the Woods to depict the fact that the children of modern society lacked contact with nature.

很多醫學專家認為自然環境中的居所的減少是幼兒肥胖，注意力紊亂，抑鬱的重要原因。在這樣的背景下，一種將森林作為教室，讓兒童回歸大自然的森林教育逐漸引起人們的關注，在森林幼兒園，孩子們在大自然中爬樹、玩火、堆雪人…你能說自然教育不重要嗎？今天，我們就來了解一下如何進行兒童自然教育的。

Many medical experts believe that reducing the number of places in the natural environment is an important cause of childhood obesity, disturbance of attention and depression. In this context, a forest education that uses the forest as a classroom and children to return to nature has drawn increasing attention. In the forest nursery school, children climb trees in nature, play with fire and snowmen ... Can you say nature Does education not important? Today, we come to understand how to conduct children's natural education.

森林幼兒園在20世紀50年代發源於丹麥, 風行於德國。目前，德國全境已有超過1500所森林幼兒園，而且已經拓展到了歐洲以外的地區，日本（上百家）、韓國正在蓬勃發展，美國、加拿大也開始試辦野外幼兒園。

Forest kindergarten originated in Denmark in the 1950s, popular in Germany. At present, there are more than 1,500 forest kindergartens throughout Germany and it has expanded beyond Europe to Japan (hundreds). South Korea is booming and the United States and Canada have started trial kindergartens in the wild.

Forest nurseries often do not have classrooms to allow children to return to nature. Children can climb trees and play with fire. Children are outdoors playing in the snowy days. Children learn not directly through books, but through direct contact with the physical objects of nature. Children's observation becomes naturally acute. Their motivation for learning and exploration will also be endless.

在森林幼兒園中，森林就是教室，大自然就是老師，森林裡的原木、石頭就是課桌椅。老師只進行看護和引導，孩子才是學習的主人，在游（瞎）戲（玩）中發展身心。

In the forest nursery, the forest is the classroom, nature is the teacher, the forest logs, stone is the desks and chairs. Teachers only care and guidance, the child is the master of learning, in the (Blind) play (play) in the development of physical and mental.

德國卡羅鎮的Pankgrafen森林幼兒園現有21個孩子，無論颳風下雨，每天早晨他們都來到「教室」學習。

The Pankgrafen Forest Kindergarten in Karlo town, Germany, has 21 children who come to "classroom" every morning, whether it is raining or not.

冬天，北風刺骨，氣溫幾乎跌破零度，面對來訪者的擔心，園長索斯滕·萊內克笑了：「這根本不算什麼，『無論颳風下雨』可不是隨便說說的。即使零下28攝氏度，我們也在室外呆著。孩子們從來沒得過感冒。」在少數格外嚴寒的日子裡，孩子和老師會鑽進露營帳篷或木頭建的小教室，暫時躲避一下。但萊內克表示，絕大多數時間都是戶外活動。

Winter, the northerly winds, the temperature almost fell below zero, in the face of the visitors' concerns, director Suosenne · Renek laughed: "This is nothing at all," regardless of the wind and rain "is not just talking about "We're outdoors, even at minus 28 degrees C. The children have never had a cold." In the rare, extremely cold days, children and teachers go to camping tents or wooden classrooms for a temporary shelter. But Leneck said that most of the time outdoor activities.

爬樹是孩子們最喜歡的活動，這裡不會有通常幼兒園或者兒童活動場所設計好的爬樹裝置，這裡的樹各式各樣，高的、矮的、大的、小的，總有一款合適你。

Climbing a tree is a favorite activity for children. There are no tree climbing devices designed for kindergarten or children's activities. There are a variety of trees, tall, short, big and small, Right for you.

孩子們爬樹，老師和家長不給與任何幫助，只是幫他們下來。在沒有保護的情況下，孩子們更懂得如何保護自己，這裡只發生過一次小孩掉下來的事情，那是因為小孩的爸爸在下面保護著，小孩子因為知道自己掉下來爸爸會接住自己的。

Children climb trees, teachers and parents do not give any help, just help them down. In the absence of protection, the children know how to protect themselves. There is only one child who falls. It is because the child's father protects under the child. Because the child knows he is falling, Dad will take care of himself. .

大部分情況下老師和家長不插手孩子做的事情，只是保證孩子們在自己的視線之內。孩子們在沒有老師和家長插手的情況下會更能發揮想象力，會自己權衡危險，會自己學習，會互相學習，從經驗中學，從失敗中學。

In most cases, teachers and parents do not intervene in children to do, but to ensure that children in their own sight. Children become more imaginative without the intervention of their teachers and parents, weigh the dangers themselves, learn on their own, learn from one another, learn from experience, and fail from secondary school.

你會難以想象，一群3-6歲的孩子在沒有任何大人的協助下搭了一個避雪小屋，他們會自己點篝火，並且在火快滅的時候往裡面添加木材。這裡的孩子很少接觸商業性的玩具，而是選擇就地取材，在森林中尋找玩具。大自然的玩具不像商業玩具以及被賦予了特定的意義，森林裡面找到的樹枝、泥巴、小蟲等更能發揮孩子的想象力，語言描繪能力。

You can hardly imagine a group of 3-6-year-olds taking a snow shelter without the help of anybody, who set their own bonfires and added wood to the fire as it went out of fire. Children here rarely touch commercial toys, but instead choose to find materials in the forest to find toys. Unlike natural toys and commercial toys are given a specific meaning, found in the forest branches, mud, bugs and more to play the child's imagination, language proficiency.

長時間的戶外玩耍已經被證明對孩子的平衡能力、靈巧度、身體協調性、觸覺靈敏度和深度感知能力都非常有益。大部分森林幼兒園的小朋友在進入小學后，在閱讀、寫作、數學和社交方面都會提高的很快。這些孩子通常也更自信、更外向。

Long outdoor play has proven to be very beneficial for children's balance, dexterity, body coordination, tactile sensitivity and depth perception. Most children in kindergartens will be able to improve their reading, writing, math and social skills after entering elementary school. These children are also usually more confident and outgoing.

森林學校每天下午都有一段時間是聽故事或者唱歌，這些平常瘋玩的孩子在這個時候反而很專註，聽故事的時候特別專心，一起唱歌的時候也一點不亂。

Forest school every afternoon for a period of time is to listen to stories or sing, these ordinary crazy children at this time instead focused, listening to the story with special focus, singing together when not chaos.

看完了這些，你是不是想問：自然教育是一定要在森林裡才可以做的嗎？

After reading these, do you want to ask: is natural education to be done in the forest?

其實，「森林」只是大自然的代名詞，森林教育是自然教育的一部分。森林幼兒園可以是一片森林、一座農場，或是一片海灘、一個公園。我們更需要借鑒的是德國自然和森林教育的精神，利用自然遊戲教學法作為工具，結合自己的條件和大環境，就可以打造出屬於自己的自然教育體系。

In fact, "forest" is just a synonym for nature. Forest education is a part of nature education. Forest kindergarten can be a forest, a farm, or a beach, a park. What we need to learn more is the spirit of nature and forest education in Germany. By using natural game teaching method as a tool, we can create our own natural education system based on our own conditions and environment.

森林幼兒園的一個突出特點是強調玩玩具，這些玩具都是可以在自然界發現的，而不是通過購買得來的。儘管有這些差異，森林幼兒園還是為了滿足相同的基本目的：照顧、刺激和教育孩子。

研究人員多年的跟蹤調研發現，相比沒有受過森林教育的兒童，受過這種教育的孩子在自信心、注意力、學習積極性、語言能力、交流能力、行為習慣、主動思考及身體素質方面更為突出。此外，森林教育對身患自閉症、焦慮症等心理疾病的孩子也有很好的治療效果。

A prominent feature of forest kindergartens is the emphasis on playing toys, these toys can be found in nature, not through purchase. Despite these differences, Forest Kindergartens are designed to meet the same basic purpose: to take care of, stimulate and educate their children.

Many years of follow-up research by researchers have found that children who have received such education are more likely to be self-confident, attentive, motivated, verbal, communicative, behavioral, active thinking and physical fitness than children without forest education prominent. In addition, the forest education for children with autism, anxiety disorders and other mental diseases also have a good therapeutic effect.