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【原文&譯文】

Experts: Let Produce Dry Out to Avoid Bacteria

專家解讀：澆地或降雨24小時后再收穫農產品以防止細菌

American researchers say farmers should wait one day after a rain storm or watering their fields to harvest fresh fruits and vegetables. They say gathering the crops at least 24 hours after rainfall increases food safety. They say it also may be enough to protect those eating from fresh produce from food borne illnesses.

美國一項研究認為，農民應該等到下雨或者澆水一天後，再來收地里的水果蔬菜。他們說雨後24小時收作物能提高食物的安全性，也能充分的保護食用這些新鮮的農產品的人不染上食源性疾病。

Listeria is a food borne bacteria. It grows best in wet conditions. Poisoning with Listeria monocytogenes can cause muscle pain. The person can also feel sick to the stomach and even experience diarrhea – the uncontrolled expulsion of wastes from the body.

李斯特菌是一種食源性病菌，在潮濕環境生長最旺盛。染上李斯特菌會引起肌肉疼痛，中毒者還會感覺胃部不適甚至發生腹瀉。

Listeria can be a serious health threat for pregnant women and older adults. It can also threaten people with weak immune systems, like those with HIV, the virus responsible for the disease AIDS.

李斯特菌對孕婦和老年人來說是一種非常嚴重的健康威脅，它也會威脅免疫系統薄弱的人群，就像艾滋病毒攜帶人群。

The bacterium is everywhere in the environment, but usually grows in water. So, crops that are harvested shortly after they have been watered are likely to contain unsafe levels of disease-causing Listeria.

細菌在生態系統中無處不在，但是通常生活在在水中。所以，作物在澆水之後立刻被收割，很可能攜帶不安全水平致病的李斯特菌。

Martin Wiedmann teaches food safety at Cornell University in New York State. He and other researchers are urging farmers to wait 24 hours after a rainfall or watering fields before they harvest crops. By waiting, he says, a field has enough time to dry out.

馬丁韋德曼在紐約州康奈爾大學教授食品安全學科。他跟其他調研者強烈建議農民，等作物受到降雨或澆水24小時之後，再進行收割。他說，通過等待，田地有足夠時間變乾燥。

"You're more likely to find Listeria for a very short time. After one day, it drops back more or less to the baseline normal level that we find (in the environment). So, we found this effect in water, but it's very short-lived. Within a day, you are back to normal."

「在很短的時間更容易發現李斯特菌。一天之後病菌數量多多少少將會下降到我們能夠發現的病菌的基本標準。所以我們在水中發現這種效應，但它很短暫。在一天之內就能恢復正常。

The findings were reported in the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

這個研究發現被刊登在《應用與環境微生物》雜誌上。

In crops like spinach, Listeria levels were 25 times greater when harvested immediately after the plants were watered.

像菠菜這種作物，剛澆完水立刻就收割，它的李斯特菌水平要高於平常25倍。

Martin Wiedmann says the bacterium can also be found in sandwich meat, especially when the meat is not kept to minus-four or minus-five degrees Celsius. He says there are a number of other settings where unsafe levels of Listeria can hide.

馬丁韋德曼說，三明治的肉上面也有細菌，尤其是當肉沒有被保存在零下4度和零下5度的溫度下。他說還有一些情況會隱藏不安全水平的李斯特菌。

"And so it's important to have the tools in place to control this organism everywhere from primary production, to food processing plants to retail, to helping consumers make smart decisions on what foods to eat and how to cook food."

所以讓各種工具到位，控制這種從初級產品到食品加工廠到零售環節隨處可見的微生物，從而幫助消費者就吃什麼和如何烹飪食物做出明智選擇，這點非常重要。

Martin Wiedmann notes that Listeria poisoning is less common in developing countries. In such areas, he adds, foods generally are not left in iceboxes or refrigeration equipment, another source of bacterial overgrowth.

馬丁韋德曼提到李斯特菌中毒在發展中國家並不常見。在這些地區，食品不會用冰箱或冷凍設備存儲，這是細菌過度增長的另一個來源。

【實戰應用】

01 辭彙解析

borne illnesses n. 食源性疾病

Listeria n. 李斯特菌， (學名:Listeria monocytogenes)，又名單核球增多性李斯特菌、李氏菌，是一種兼性厭氧細菌，為李斯特菌症的病原體。它主要以食物為傳染媒介，是最致命的食源性病原體之一。

Diarrhea n. 腹瀉

irrigation n. 灌溉

immune system n. 免疫系統

bacterium n. 細菌

food processing plants n. 食品加工廠

02 句型解析

讀完整篇文章，同學們是不是覺得有些句子不好理解？接下來我就為大家解析一下比較難的幾個：

1. It also may be enough to protect those eating from fresh produce from food borne illnesses.

【譯文】它也能充分的保護食用這些新鮮的農產品的人不染上食源性疾病。

【解析】將句子稍微簡化了一下：

it be enough to protect sb. from sth.

those(食客) eating from fresh produce（「吃新鮮農產品」動名詞短語做those的定語）

protect sb. from sth是保護某人免受（傷害）

2. He says there are a number of other settings where unsafe levels of Listeria can hide.

【譯文】他說還有一些情況會隱藏不安全水平的李斯特菌。

【解析】此句為典型的賓語從句套定語從句。

There be句型是省略that賓語從句，Setting作為定語從句的先行詞，where引導的定語從句。他說還有一些情況，這些情況能隱藏不安全水平的李斯特菌，把這個句子簡煉一下，就是上面的譯文了。

03 寫作詞句

小編從文中找出一些適合放在寫作中的詞句，希望對大家有所幫助。

1. Say常見的意思是「說」，也有其他詞義，如：the research says that，研究表明

2. There are a number of …很多的意思，較there are many…而言，是更能體現寫作水平的

3. …notes that 指出

4. Minus+數字零下，或者負數

5. make smart decision 做出明智的選擇/決定

6. be common in… 常見於……

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