仿肉：蛋白質的未來？

隨著消費者喜好的改變和可持續性的承諾，植物蛋白，如「仿肉漢堡」，對動物蛋白消費有什麼影響？

2016年Biomin營養論壇舉行的一周，泰森食品宣布入股植物蛋白公司Beyond Meat5%的股份，Beyond Meat是Beyond Burger仿肉漢堡的製造商。巧合的是，倫敦帝國學院教授David Hughes博士在此次活動中，發表了演講「驅動蛋白質經濟：前所未有的挑戰和機遇」，講述了以植物蛋白質替代物對動物農業的真正威脅。

Beef, for example, has long been 「the bullseye of the target for many campaigners」 and the effort has successfully resulted in the decline of beef consumption due to negative PR surroundingfood safety, environmental concerns and health risks (cancer, cholesterol, etc.). This sentiment created a significant opportunity for Beyond Meat to raise $180 million to develop the Beyond Burger, with backers such as General Mills, the Humane Society of America and Bill Gates.

例如，牛肉長期以來一直是「許多運動者的靶心目標」，由於食品安全問題、環境問題和健康風險（癌症，膽固醇等），已經成功地導致牛肉消費的下降 。這種情緒為仿肉帶來了巨大的機會，如今仿肉漢堡的發展資金已上升至1.8億美元，支持者眾，如General Mills、美國人道協會和比爾·蓋茨。

Additional examples of animal product companies dipping in to meatless territory in 2016:

2016年動物產品公司進入仿肉領域的其他例子：

· Unilever: After originally planning to sue 「Just Mayo」 purveyor Hampton Creek, the parent company of Hellmann』s mayonnaise decided to get into the eggless mayo game instead.

· 聯合利華：最初計劃起訴「Just Mayo」供應商Hampton Creek，作為Hellmann的蛋黃醬母公司決定進入無蛋的蛋黃醬的市場領域。

· Danone: The French dairy giant purchased non-dairy dairy business WhiteWave.

· 法國達能集團：法國奶業巨頭購買了無奶製品企業WhiteWave。

Why are investors clamoring to get on the protein-alternative bandwagon? Is it a bellwether of things to come? The answer is yes, with hopes to profit from evolving consumer behavior and an aim to stay in touch with upcoming innovations in food science.

為什麼投資者對蛋白替代品投資？它是未來的領頭羊嗎？答案是肯定的，希望從不斷發展的消費者行為中獲益，並希望與即將到來的食品科學創新保持聯繫。

Hughes identified the trends that will allow plant-based foods to gain market share:

休斯確定植物性食品將獲得市場份額的趨勢：

· Most consumers purchase food based the cuisine they are in the mood for rather than the protein (「Let』s have Chinese」 vs. 「Beef, it』s what』s for dinner」).

· 大多數消費者根據他們的心情而不是蛋白質購買食物。

· Millennials don』t eat three meals a day, choose convenience and are willing to pay a premium for specialty products.

· 黃金時代出生的人不是每日三餐，他們以方便為主，並願意為特殊產品支付溢價。

· In general, older consumers eat less meat.

· 一般來說，年齡大的消費者吃肉少。

· The 「green bar」 is rising: Health and sustainability attributes are as important as taste.

· 「綠色酒吧」正在上升：健康和可持續性屬性與味道一樣重要。

· Meat-free products, such as 「fishless tuna,」 are already merchandised next to animal proteins.

· 無肉產品，如「無魚金槍魚」，已經在動物蛋白旁邊銷售。

· 「Flexitarian diets」 are based on taste and options.

· 以素食為主偶爾吃點肉的人基於味覺來選擇食物。

Hughes urges the animal ag industry not to underestimate the major forces with a vested interest in reducing animal protein consumption.

休斯敦促動物行業不要低估對減少動物蛋白消耗具有既得利益的主要力量。

「Plant-based proteins are going to have a big day and be a big competitor for [animal proteins],」 Hughes says. 「They』re targeting our competitive space.」

「植物蛋白質將有一個很大的未來，並將成為動物蛋白質巨大的競爭對手，」休斯說， 「他們瞄準了我們的競爭空間。」

However, it』s not all doom and gloom. Hughes agrees with Rabobank』s prediction that meat and egg consumption will grow 45 percent by 2030, but earnestly asserts that alternative proteins will prove an obstacle to this trajectory.

然而，前途並非一片暗淡。休斯同意Rabobank的預測，肉類和蛋類消費將在2030年增長45％，但替代蛋白質將成為這個軌跡的障礙。

The plant-based and beef burger patties have very similar nutritional attributes, such as fat and protein. | Jackie Roembke

植物漢堡和牛肉漢堡肉餅有非常相似的營養屬性，如脂肪和蛋白質。 |傑克·羅賓克

Beyond Burger vs. a beef patty: A taste test

仿肉漢堡與牛肉餅PK：味道測試

Trade publishing offers few opportunities for investigative journalism so, upon hearing of the Beyond Burger, I jumped at the chance weigh in.

貿易出版提供調查性新聞的機會很少，所以，遇到仿肉漢堡這一機會，我決定抓住。

Full disclosure, I was already familiar with the Beyond Meat brand because I rather enjoy its faux chorizo; however, the Beyond Burger was not available in Wisconsin. Patties are only being sold at Whole Foods in select states. So I got creative and reached out to Beyond Meat』s public relations team to request a special delivery to the upper Midwest; they graciously obliged.

我已經熟悉仿肉品牌，因為我喜歡它的人造香腸。然而，仿肉漢堡在威斯康星州買不到，仿肉小餡餅只在特定的州出售。所以我聯繫了Beyond Meat的公關團隊，要求特別送到中西部，他們恩典般地答應了。

The Beyond Burger patty (left) clearly differs in size, color, texture and smell from its meaty opponent. | Jackie Roembke

仿肉漢堡肉餅（左）和牛肉漢堡清楚地區別於大小、顏色、紋理、氣味以及肉質。 |傑克·羅賓克

At first glance, the patties resemble hamburger meat, but once you get a whiff, you know you』re not dealing with beef. The faux burgers have a distinct leguminous fragrance, much like kidney or refried beans; the texture is lumpy and fibrous.

乍一看，仿肉餅類似於漢堡肉餅，但一旦你嘗到了味道，你就知道你不是在吃牛肉。仿造漢堡有一種獨特的豆香味，很像腎臟或紅燒豆，紋理是塊狀和纖維狀的。

For the experiment,

I used a 4 oz. 80/20 ground beef patty -- the closest beef product in terms of total fat (beef, 23 grams vs. Beyond Burger, 22 grams) and protein (beef, 19 grams vs. Beyond Burger, 20 grams).

對於實驗，我使用4盎司 80/20（80%的瘦肉，20%的肥肉）碎牛肉餅 - 以總脂肪（牛肉，23克Vs.仿肉漢堡，22克）和蛋白質（牛肉，19克Vs.仿肉漢堡，20克）最接近牛肉的產品。

Many of the nutrition facts are comparable to 0/20 beef patties with the exception of the vitamin, carbohydrate and saturated fat content. | Jackie Roembke

仿肉的許多營養成分與80/20牛肉餅相當，除了維生素、碳水化合物和飽和脂肪含量。 |傑克·羅賓克

The Beyond Burger patty is comprised of pea protein, oils and various natural binders and preservatives. One patty is 290 calories, 22 grams of total fat, 20 grams of protein and six grams of carbohydrates.

仿肉漢堡肉餅由豌豆蛋白、油、各種天然粘合劑和防腐劑組成。一個仿肉餅包含290卡路里，22克的總脂肪，20克的蛋白質和6克的碳水化合物。

When cooked, the Beyond Burger sizzled and 「bleeds」 (no worries, it's beet juice) much like beef. However, much less fat is expelled, there is little shrink and, of course, the smell is unique. Beyond Burgers are to be cooked to medium (overcook it and you kill it); 3 minutes of heat on each side. The patty forms a crispy outer crust which I find quite appealing.

當烹調時，仿肉漢堡發出嘶嘶聲並「出血」（不要擔心，它是甜菜汁），很像牛肉。然而，它有少得多的脂肪，當然，氣味是獨特的。仿肉漢堡將被煎到中等熟，每邊煎3分鐘。小餡餅會形成一個酥脆的外殼，我覺得很吸引人。

be quick on the Beyond Burger uptake. | Jackie Ro

生於黃金時代的人，注重環保和健康，他們以素食為主偶爾吃點肉，他們可能很快就會被仿肉漢堡所吸引。 |傑克·羅賓克

Having dabbled in faux meats before, I』d say the Beyond Meat patties taste a lot like its competitor, the Boca Burger, but it's more like a crunchy, chewy, fattier cousin.

吃了仿肉製品后，我想說，味道很像它的競爭對手——博卡漢堡，但它的味道更脆，更耐嚼。

Once cooked, they look very similar. | Jackie Roembke

一旦煮熟，他們看起來非常相似。 |傑克·羅賓克

So, what did I think?

那麼，我怎麼想呢？

The Beyond Burger is not a substitute for beef, but a firm alternative to animal-based products. In my millennial opinion, the real strength of the Beyond Burger is its comparable nutrition value and its impressive shelf life (upwards of three months). They may also appeal to folks on low-carb diets that may be looking for a little variety in their protein consumption.

仿肉漢堡不是牛肉的替代品，而是動物產品的堅定替代品。以我黃金時代出生的人的觀點，仿肉漢堡的真正的力量是其可與真肉相比的營養價值，以及其令人印象深刻的保質期（三個月以上）。這會吸引那些低碳飲食的人，他們可能正在蛋白質消費的品種上尋找多樣性。

Meanwhile, I think the 「easy-on-the-environment」 spin will resonate with its target audience as well as the other characteristics it』s touting: GMO free, soy free and gluten free (also known as the holy trinity of 「clean eating」).

同時，我認為「對環境友好」將會引起很大的共鳴，同時也可以用其他的特徵來吸引人：無轉基因，無大豆和無麩質（也稱為「清潔飲食」的聖潔三位一體 ）。

Because I did not pay for my faux patties, I had to do a little research to find out the retail price. According to an Indian School Plaza Whole Foods clerk in Albuquerque, New Mexico, the two-patty pack retails for $5.99. So, at the moment, ground beef is cheaper.

因為我沒有支付我的仿造肉餅，我不得不做一點研究以找出零售價格。新墨西哥州阿爾伯克基Indian School Plaza Whole Foods店員告訴我，兩小包零售價為5.99美元。所以，目前，牛肉漢堡比較便宜。

Tyson is wise to get in on the faux meat business because there certainly is a growing market for it among a certain type of consumer -- one who is happy to pay a premium for their protein.

泰森進入仿肉生意是比較明智的選擇，因為這肯定有一個不斷增長的市場——一定有人願意為蛋白質付出溢價。

In conclusion, I would eat a Beyond Burger again but, for now, where』s thebeef?

總之，我會再吃一個仿肉漢堡，但現在，牛肉在哪裡？

Biomin's 2016 World Nutrition Forum was held in Vancouver, BC, October 12-14.

Biomin的2016年世界營養論壇於10月12日至14日在加拿大溫哥華舉行。

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