靜態動詞和動態動詞

【閱讀與思考】先讀讀下面這篇短文！

閱讀下面短文，並確定黑體部分的這些單詞中哪些是靜態動詞，哪些是動態動詞。

Roald Amundsen first studied medicine at the University of Christiana, but dropped out in order to go to sea because he enjoyed adventures. His first Antarctic trip was in 1899. He was the first ever to pass winter in Antarctica as the ship became stuck in the ice and couldn』t move until the ice turned into water in the following spring. His fellows all believed in him as a leader.

He led his first polar expedition in the Arctic from 1903-1906 in the Gjoa, successfully passing the 「Northwest Passage」 in a small ship. The next big expedition was to crossthe North Pole in the ship Fram built for the fellow Norwegian explorer Nansen. The Fram was unusual and was designed and built for polar travel. Ithad a round bottom. This kind of ship kept away the danger of being stuck in ice.

Before the expedition set off to the North Pole, Amundsenheard the news that Peary had reached their goal. He felt that he was beaten. So plans were changed in a hurry and Amundsen set out to lead the party that would be the first to reach the South Pole instead.

靜態動詞：__________________________________

動態動詞：__________________________________

【分析與歸納】

英語動詞，按其辭彙意義，可分為動態動詞和靜態動詞。動態動詞是表示運動狀態的動詞，而靜態動詞則是表示一種相對靜止狀態的動詞。

動態動詞又可分為三類：

① 表示持續動作的動詞。

② 改變或移動的動詞。這兩類動詞既可用於非進行體，也可用於進行體。

③表示短暫動作的動詞。這類動詞可用一般現在時表示說話時正在進行的短暫動作，若用進行體則表示短暫動作的不斷重複。

靜態動詞是描述狀態的動詞，一般不用進行時態。常見的靜態動詞可分為四類：

①表達思維活動的動詞，如: know, want, believe, realize, remember, think, understand等；

②表示情感的動詞，如：love, like, hate, hope等；

③表示擁有和存在的動詞，如: have, be, appear, belong, contain (包含), seem, stay, possess (擁有), own等；

④感官動詞，如: see, feel, hear, look, smell, sound, taste等。

如前所述，靜態動詞的最主要語法特徵是不用進行體，若用進行體往往會改變含義，即變成了動態動詞。

如：

He is being foolish. (= is acting foolishly)

I am hearing lectures at the university. (= am attending)

This mistake is costing us dearly. (= is bringing great injury to us)

Now you are understanding this a little better. (= are beginning to understand)

親愛的朋友，你都學會了嗎？ 來做兩道題測試一下吧！

【即學即練】

用括弧內所給動詞的適當形式填空，注意比較每組句子中同一動詞的不同用法。

1. ① Look, the boy ______ (hold) a big dictionary in his hand.

② People no longer ______(hold) the belief that boys are more valuable than girls.

2. ① The manager is not free now because he ______ (have) a meeting in the office.

② Mr. Brown, I _____ (have) some questions to ask you.

3. ① We all ______ (consider) him an honest boy.

② Your father ______ (consider) how to write his report, so don』t bother him.

4. ① The old man ______ (measure) his grandson in the garden now.

② His grandson ______ (measure) 1.90 metres tall.

5. ① —What are you doing over there?

—I ______ (smell) the flowers.

② All the flowers in the garden _______ (smell) sweet.

是不是很簡單？

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快來對對答案，看看自己學會了嗎！