who、whom、whose、which、that定語從句
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一、定語從句基本概念
定語從句通常在英語複合句中充當定語的作用,在簡單句中,定語往往用來修飾代詞、名詞或名詞性短語
Tom is a handsome boy. Tom是個英俊的男孩。
There is a good boy. 有個乖男孩。
將以上的兩句轉換為定語從句則為:
Tom is the boy who is handsome.
There is a boy who is good.
二、定語從句中兩大要素
了解了定語的作用之後,現在進入定語從句的正式學習。想要辨別定語從句,必須了解定語從句的兩大要素:關係代詞(或關係副詞)、先行詞。
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本節重點講解由關係代詞引導的定語從句,下一節將為大家帶來關係副詞引導的定語從句。
簡單例舉一個定語從句。
He is a good person who would like to help anyone. 他是一個好人,肯幫助任何人。
其中person就是先行詞,who則為關係代詞
who是用來指代這個先行詞person,因此稱為關係代詞。此外,who只能做「人」關係代詞,比如boy、girl、people等。
除了who之外,關係代詞還有whom、whose、which、that
其中,值得注意的是,當定語從句修飾一個「人」時,選擇關係代詞必須了解先行詞在從句中的位置才能做出決定,我們可以用拆分複合句的方法來判斷。
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1.He is a good person who would like to help anyone. 他是一個好人,肯幫助任何人。
拆分后:
He is a good person.
The person would like to help anyone.
拆分后可以發現,先行詞在第二句中做主語,因此用who.
2.He is the man whom I met yesterday.
拆分后:
He is the man.
I met the man yesterday.
拆分后可以發現,先行詞在第二句中做賓語,因此用whom.
當需要使用修飾「物」的關係代詞時
1.This is a car which(that) is red.
拆分后:
This is a car.
The car is red
拆分后發現,先行詞在第二句中做主語.
2.This is the book which you gave me yesterday.
拆分后:
This is the book.
You gave me the book yesterday
拆分后發現,先行詞在第二句中做賓語
3.This is the room in which you were born.
拆分后:
This is the room.
You were born in the room
拆分后發現,先行詞在第二句中做賓語。特別注意,當第二句中動詞之後跟一個介詞,在寫定語從句時必須把介詞提到關係代詞之前。
最後一個,當關係代詞要指代「人」或「物」的所有格(屬格)時
This is the bike whose brake was damaged(the brake of which was damaged) 這輛自行車的剎車壞了。
拆分后:
This is the bike.
The bike『s brake was damaged.或The brake of the bike was damaged.
先行詞The bike在第二句中做定語,什麼的剎車壞了?The bike的剎車壞了。修飾這個剎車(the brake)