聯合國婦女署2017.3.8致辭

Women in the Changing World of Work: Planet 50-50 by 2030

不斷變化的工作世界中的女性：到2030年實現全球性別平等

– Message by UN Women Executive Director Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka on International Women』s Day

——聯合國婦女署執行主任普姆齊萊·姆蘭博-恩格庫卡國際婦女節致辭

8 March 2017

2017年3月8日

Across the world, too many women and girls spend too many hours on household responsibilities – typically more than double the time spent by men and boys. They look after younger siblings, older family members, deal with illness in the family and manage the house. In many cases this unequal division of labour is at the expense of women』s and girls』 learning, of paid work, sports, or engagement in civic or community leadership. This shapes the norms of relative disadvantage and advantage, of where women and men are positioned in the economy, of what they are skilled to do and where they will work.

在世界各地，太多婦女和女童花在家庭責任上的時間太多——通常是男子和男童所花時間的兩倍以上。她們照料弟妹和長輩，在家人生病時忙前忙后，還打理房屋。在許多情況下，這種不平等的分工犧牲了婦女和女童的自由時間，這些時間本可以用來學習、工作賺錢、運動或參與領導公民或社區活動。這形成了婦女和男子在相對劣勢和優勢、經濟地位、擅長工作和工作地點的定式。

This is the unchanging world of unrewarded work, a globally familiar scene of withered futures, where girls and their mothers sustain the family with free labour, with lives whose trajectories are very different from the men of the household.

在世界各地，婦女和女童通過免費勞動來維持家庭，她們的生命軌跡與家中的男性大不相同，她們的未來黯淡無光。這種承擔大量無償勞動的局面仍未得到改變。

We want to construct a different world of work for women. As they grow up, girls must be exposed to a broad range of careers, and encouraged to make choices that lead beyond the traditional service and care options to jobs in industry, art, public service, modern agriculture and science.

我們想為婦女構建一個與今不同的工作世界。女童必須在成長過程中廣泛地接觸各種職業。我們鼓勵女童走出傳統服務和護理行業，進入工業、藝術、公共服務、現代農業和科學領域。

We have to start change at home and in the earliest days of school, so that there are no places in a child』s environment where they learn that girls must be less, have less, and dream smaller than boys.

我們必須從家庭和學校早期教育開始改變，以使孩子不會由於身邊的生活氛圍而認為女童必須比男童弱小，貧窮，缺乏夢想。

This will take adjustments in parenting, curricula, educational settings, and channels for everyday stereotypes like TV, advertising and entertainment; it will take determined steps to protect young girls from harmful cultural practices like early marriage, and from all forms of violence.

這需要在養育、課程、教育環境以及電視、廣告和娛樂等塑造每日固式印象的渠道方面做出調整；還需要堅決採取措施來保護年輕婦女免遭早婚等有害文化習俗傷害並免遭各種形式暴力的傷害。

Women and girls must be ready to be part of the digital revolution. Currently only 18 per cent of undergraduate computer science degrees are held by women. We must see a significant shift in girls all over the world taking STEM subjects, if women are to compete successfully for high-paying 『new collar』 jobs. Currently, just 25 per cent of the digital industries』 workforce are women.

婦女和女童必須做好投身數字革命的準備。目前，只有18%的計算機科學本科學位是女性獲得的。如果婦女要成功爭得高薪「新領」工作，那麼我們必須看到世界各地在女童學習科學、技術、工程與數學科目方面的顯著改變。目前，數字行業中僅25%的勞動力是女性。

Achieving equality in the workplace will require an expansion of decent work and employment opportunities, involving governments』 targeted efforts to promote women』s participation in economic life, the support of important collectives like trade unions, and the voices of women themselves in framing solutions to overcome current barriers to women』s participation, as examined by the UN Secretary-General』s High-level Panel on Women』s Economic Empowerment. The stakes are high: advancing women』s equality could boost global GDP by US$12 trillion by 2025.

正如聯合國秘書長增強婦女經濟權能高級別小組所言，實現工作場所的平等需要擴大體面工作和就業機會，涉及政府促進婦女參與經濟生活的針對性努力、工會等重要集體的支持和婦女自己在為女性參與的當前障礙制定解決方案中的聲音。成效將是顯著的：推動婦女平等可促進全球國內生產總值到2025年增加12萬億美元。

It also requires a determined focus on removing the discrimination women face on multiple and intersecting fronts over and above their gender: sexual orientation, disability, older age, and race. Wage inequality follows these: the average gender wage gap is 23 per cent but this rises to 40 per cent for African American women in the United States. In the European Union, elderly women are 37 per cent more likely to live in poverty than elderly men.

這還需要堅決地著力消除婦女在性別之外的性取向、殘疾、老齡和種族等多重交叉方面面臨的歧視。這些因素還導致工資不平等：工資的平均性別差異是23%，但是對在美國的非裔美籍女性而言，這一數字高達40%。在歐盟，老年婦女生活貧困的可能性比老年男子高37%。

In roles where women are already over-represented but poorly paid, and with little or no social protection, we must make those industries work better for women. For example, a robust care economy that responds to the needs of women and gainfully employs them; equal terms and conditions for women』s paid work and unpaid work; and support for women entrepreneurs, including their access to finance and markets. Women in the informal sector also need their contributions to be acknowledged and protected. This calls for enabling macroeconomic policies that contribute to inclusive growth and significantly accelerate progress for the 770 million people living in extreme poverty.

對於女性已經過多但是收入微薄，而且缺乏或沒有社會保障的職位，我們必須提高女性的待遇。例如，建設滿足婦女需要並聘用婦女從事有償勞動的強大護理經濟；制定女性有償勞動和無償勞動的平等條款和條件以及支持女企業家（包括獲得融資和進入市場）。非正式經濟部門的女性做出的貢獻也需要得到認可和保護。這就需要採用賦能型宏觀經濟政策，以促進包容性增長，顯著加快7.7億赤貧人口的脫貧步伐。

Addressing the injustices will take resolve and flexibility from both public and private sector employers. Incentives will be needed to recruit and retain female workers; like expanded maternity benefits for women that also support their re-entry into work, adoption of the Women』s Empowerment Principles, and direct representation at decision-making levels. Accompanying this, important changes in the provision of benefits for new fathers are needed, along with the cultural shifts that make uptake of paternity and parental leave a viable choice, and thus a real shared benefit for the family.

解決不公平問題需要公共部門和私營部門的僱主下定決心並靈活處理。為了招聘和留住女性員工，我們需要採取激勵措施：比如擴大支持婦女重返工作崗位的產假福利、落實《增強婦女權能原則》和實現女性直接參与決策。與此同時，新晉父親的福利方面也需要重要改變，還要實現休陪產假和產假成為可行選擇，從而成為家庭真正共享福利的文化轉變。

In this complexity, there are simple, big changes that must be made: for men to parent, for women to participate and for girls to be free to grow up equal to boys. Adjustments must happen on all sides if we are to increase the number of people able to engage in decent work, to keep this pool inclusive, and to realize the benefits that will come to all from the equal world envisaged in our Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development.

除了這些複雜措施之外，還必須做出簡單而重要的改變：男子參與養育工作、婦女參與經濟生活、女童像男童一樣自由成長。如果我們要讓更多的人能夠從事體面工作，保持體面工作的包容性並做到所有人均可獲得《2030年可持續發展議程》所設想平等世界中的所有福利，那麼各方必須共同努力做出改變。