it的基本用法

it的基本用法

（1）用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到過的事物。

The train has arrived. It arrived half an hour ago.

（2）用以代替提示代詞this, that。

—What』s this? —It』s a knife.

—Whose watch is that? —It』s mine.

（3）起指示代詞的作用，指一個人或事物。

—Who is knocking at the door? —It』s me.

（4）指環境情況等。

It was very noisy (quiet) at the very moment.

（5）指時間、季節等。

—What time is it? —It』s eight o』clock.

It often rains in summer here.

（6）指距離。

It is a long way to the school.

（7）作形式主語。

It is not easy to finish the work in two days.

It is no use crying over spilt milk.

It is as pity that you didn』t read the book.

（8）作形式賓語。

I think it no use arguing with him.

I found it very interesting to study English.

He made it clear that he was not interested in that subject.

（9）用於強調結構。

It was Xiaoming whom(that)I met in the street last night.

It was in the street that I met Xiaoming last night.

It ws last night that I met Xiaoming in the street.

It was I who met Xiaoming in the street last night.

2、含有「It is …」的句型

（1）It is time (for sb.) to do sth.

It is (high) time that sb. did sth.(虛擬語氣)

（2）It is + 形容詞（+of / for sb.）+ to do sth.

通常用 of的詞有brave、clever、careful、hopeless、kind、good、naughty、nice、silly、stupid、foolish、wise等。

（3）It is + 形容詞 + that + sb. + (should) do sth.（虛擬語氣）

能用於這個句型的形容詞有strange、wonderful、natural、good、proper、right、wrong、well、fortunate、important、necessary、useless、likely、probable、impossible等。有時可省去should而直接用動詞原形。如：

It is important that we should pay close attention to grain.

It is natural that he（should）say so.

（4）It is no use/ good + doing sth.

It is no use trying again = It is of no use to try again.

（5）It is + 被強調部分 + that/who + …

Was it in the street that you met her?

Who was it that called him「comrade」?

It was not until yesterday that I met my old friend.

It is in a small factory that my brother is going to work.（注意上述各句均為強調句型的「考點」）

比較：It is a small factory where my brother is going to work.（定語從句）

（6）It is said/reported/announced/ (well) known … that…

（7）It is/was + 時間 + since … 從……已多久了。

It is three years since I met him in Beijing.

It was a long time since I (had) lived in that small mountain village with these farmers.（注意兩句中的時態）

It is five months since I arrived in New York.我到紐約已經五個月了。

It is five months since I was in New York.我離開紐約已經五個月了。

（注意：終止性動詞表示從動作發生時算起；如果是狀態動詞或持續性動詞，則從動作或狀態結束時算起。）

（8）It is + 時間 + before …

這個句型和上面句型中時間都是時間段，如long、years、months、weeks、five days、three hours、twenty minutes等。不過主句的時態多用一般將來時或一般過去時。

It will be several years before we meet again.

我們要過好幾年才能再見面。

It was not long before they set out for the front.

不久他們就出發去了前線。

（9）It is /was/will be the first/second/third … time that …

It is the first time that I have been here.

It was the second time that he had seen the film.

（10）It is up to sb. to do sth … 應由某人做某事。

It is up to you to decide whether we start or not.