阿比特龍聯合ADT較單純ADT顯著延長晚期前列腺癌患者的生存

編譯:杜成,博士,瀋陽軍區總醫院腫瘤科

來源:腫瘤資訊

2017年6月2至6日,美國臨床腫瘤學會(American Society of ClinicalOncology,ASCO)年會在芝加哥麥考米克會展中心召開。當地時間3日下午的前列腺癌專場和4日下午的全體會議上先後報道了兩項有關阿比特龍聯合雄激素剝奪治療(ADT)晚期前列腺癌的重要研究。結果顯示:在ADT基礎上加用阿比特龍可顯著降低疾病進展和死亡風險,延長總生存時間,不良反應可控。

1、STAMPEDE試驗:準備長期接受雄激素剝奪治療的高危前列腺癌患者加用醋酸阿比特龍可顯著改善生存預后(NCT00268476)(LBA5003)

背景:阿比特龍為去勢抵抗前列腺癌患者帶來了生存獲益。我們評估了更早應用阿比特龍治療前列腺癌是否能夠奏效。STAMPEDE研究是一項隨機對照試驗,採用了多組多階段平台設計。研究入組了準備接受長期雄激素去勢治療(androgen-deprivationtherapy, ADT)的高危局部晚期或轉移性前列腺癌患者。我們首次報道各組生存數據的對比結果。

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方法:標準治療(SOC)是ADT治療2年以上,N0M0患者必須接受放療,N+M0患者鼓勵接受放療。患者隨機1:1分為SOC組和SOC聯合每日阿比特龍1000mg+潑尼松5mg組(SOC+Abi)。治療持續時間取決於分期和根治性放療意向:不準備放療的患者治療持續至PSA、影像學和臨床進展,準備放療的患者治療持續2年或至出現各種進展后。首要終點為各種原因導致的死亡。生存風險比為0.75,檢驗效能90%,單側α為2.5%,對無治療失敗生存期(FFS,failure-freesurvival)進行3次中期無獲益分析時要求對照組出現267例死亡事件。採用Cox風險比例和彈性變數模型進行分析,並對分層因素進行校正。

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結果:2011年11月-2014年1月共有1917例患者同時隨機入組。兩組間分層因素均衡可比,中位年齡67歲,52%存在轉移,20%為N+/XM0,28%為N0M0,95%為新確診患者,中位PSA53 ng/ml。中位隨訪40個月。SOC組共262例出現死亡(82%因前列腺癌),SOC+Abi組184例死亡(校正後HR:0.63[95% CI 0.52-0.76],p=0.115x10-7)。3年總生存率從76%提高至83%。SOC組共出現535例FFS事件,SOC+Abi組出現248例(校正後HR:0.29 [95% CI 0.25-0.34], p = 0.377x10-63)。SOC組和SOC+Abi組3級和4級不良事件發生率分別為29% vs 41%和5% vs 3%,5級不良事件分別發生3例和9例。

結論:研究結果顯示ADT開始后加用阿比特龍可從臨床和統計學上顯著改善患者總生存期和治療無失敗生存期,阿比特龍增加的毒副反應可控。ADT(±放療)聯合阿比特龍可作為這類患者的新的標準治療方案。

2、LBA3:LATITUDE試驗:III期雙盲隨機對照研究對比雄激素去勢治療聯合醋酸阿比特龍+潑尼松或安慰劑在新確診未經激素治療的高危轉移性前列腺癌中的療效(NCT01715285)

背景:新確診且未經激素治療的轉移性前列腺癌(metastatic hormone-naive prostate cancer,mHNPC),特別是具有高危因素的患者,通常預后較差。雄激素去勢治療(ADT)聯合多西他賽可以改善這類患者的生存預后,而許多並不適合多西他賽化療的患者有可能從其他治療中獲益。醋酸阿比特龍(AA,abiraterone acetate)+潑尼松(P,prednisone)適用於轉移的去勢抵抗前列腺癌患者。LATITUDE研究(NCT01715285)評估了醋酸阿比特龍+潑尼松早期聯合雄激素剝奪治療新確診的高危mHNPC患者的療效。

方法:研究共入組了1199例新確診(至隨機入組前≤3個月)的mHNPC患者(ECOG PS0-2分),這些患者至少存在2項高危因素(Gleason≥8分,≥3處骨轉移灶,可測量的內臟轉移),隨機1:1分為雄激素剝奪+醋酸阿比特龍(1g,QD)+潑尼松(5mg,QD)組或雄激素剝奪+安慰劑組。首要研究終點為總生存期(OS)和影像學判定的無進展生存期(rPFS)。計劃進行1次rPFS分析(出現約565個終點事件時進行)、2次中期分析和1次最終分析(分別出現約426、554和852個終點事件時進行)。

結果:中位隨訪30.4月時進行了首次中期分析,共出現了406例死亡[48%]和593例影像學進展。ADT+AA+P組(597例)的中位OS尚未達到,ADT+安慰劑組(602例)中位OS為34.7月(HR:0.62[0.51-0.76], P< 0.0001)。兩組的中位rPFS分別為33.0月vs14.8月(HR:0.47[0.39-0.55] , P< 0.0001),次要終點至PSA進展時間分別為33.2月vs7.4月(HR:0.30[0.26-0.35] , P<0.0001)。疼痛進展、有癥狀的骨相關事件、化療、後續治療等其他次要終點在ADT+AA+P組也明顯優於ADT+安慰劑組。獨立監督委員會(IDMC)一致建議揭盲並將ADT+安慰劑組患者交叉至ADT+AA+P組。ADT+AA+P組和ADT+安慰劑組3/4級不良反應發生率(%)如下:高血壓(20.3 vs 10.0),低血鉀(10.4 vs 1.3),ALT升高(5.5 vs1.3),AST升高(4.4 vs 1.5)。

結論:與ADT聯合安慰劑治療相比,ADT聯合醋酸阿比特龍+潑尼松治療高危mHNPC患者可以顯著改善總生存期、影像無進展生存期和所有次要終點指標。醋酸阿比特龍+潑尼松聯合ADT具有良好的風險獲益比,因此建議新確診的高危mHNPC患者儘早應用醋酸阿比特龍+潑尼松。

點評專家:

【專家短評】

本屆ASCO大會公布的前列腺癌研究結果頗豐,大會摘要共335篇,口頭報告10篇,其中7篇關於晚期前列腺癌,最為重要的2篇報告(摘要編號LBA3和LBA5003)均來自阿比特龍的有關研究。

前列腺癌生長依賴於雄激素,以藥物或手術為基礎的雄激素去勢治療(ADT)成為激素敏感性前列腺癌的標準一線方案。然而,這些患者最終會對ADT治療產生耐葯,發展成為去勢抵抗性前列腺癌(CRPC)。原因之一是由於腎上腺、前列腺癌細胞和腫瘤微環境中也會通過旁路代謝產生少量雄激素,維持前列腺癌的生長。阿比特龍是CYP17酶抑製劑,可以阻斷上述雄激素產生的途徑。基於COU-AA-301和COU-AA-302兩項臨床研究結果,美國FDA先後於2011和2012年批准阿比特龍聯合潑尼松用於多西他賽化療后或化療前的CRPC的治療。隨著本屆ASCO上兩項重磅研究結果的披露,阿比特龍抗擊前列腺癌的陣地又向前推進一步。

STAMPEDE試驗是一項開放標籤的大樣本、多分組II/III期隨機研究,2005年註冊於Clinicaltrials網站。目的是對比ADT與前列腺癌放療、唑來膦酸、多西他賽、恩雜魯胺、阿比特龍之間的不同組合對局部晚期或轉移的激素敏感性前列腺癌的療效,對照組為標準治療(ADT±局部放療),其他組合多達8組。Clinicaltrials網站顯示,截止目前該試驗的結果已經在Lancet、JAMAOncol、BJU、EU、Trials等雜誌共發表了8篇SCI文章。6月3日下午ASCO前列腺癌專場報道的STAMPEDE研究是對比阿比特龍聯合標準治療與標準治療的療效差異。結果顯示,阿比特龍將死亡風險降低了37%,治療失敗風險降低了71%,3年生存率由76%提高至83%。由儘管毒副反應略有增加,但可以有效控制。

6月4日下午報道的LATITUDE研究(LBA3)是ASCO全體會議上公布的4項被認為最有可能改變臨床實踐的重大研究之一。該研究由來自法國Paris-Sud大學的KarimFizazi教授於2012年牽頭髮起,共納入了全球33個國家214家中心的1199例新確診且未經激素治療的高危轉移性前列腺癌患者。結果顯示,與ADT治療相比,ADT聯合阿比特龍和潑尼松可將死亡風險降低38%,影像進展風險降低53%,中位rPFS延長一倍以上(33個月VS14.8個月)。Fizazi教授指出「早期應用阿比特龍帶來的獲益,與之前臨床試驗中多西他賽化療化療獲益相當,而且阿比特龍更容易耐受,患者報道的副作用較少。」由於阿比特龍組患者出現更多高血壓(20.3%vs 10.0%)和低血鉀(10.4% vs1.3%),因此「對於心臟病風險高的患者,比如同時患有糖尿病,應用阿比特龍時需要謹慎。」

結語與展望:ADT目前仍是激素敏感晚期前列腺癌mHSPC的主要治療手段,對於腫瘤負荷較大(內臟轉移和/或≥4處骨轉移,至少1處轉移超出盆腔)的高危患者,指南推薦ADT聯合多西他賽治療。LATITUDE和STAMPEDE研究證實阿比特龍聯合ADT高效低毒,很有可能成為新的標準治療。多西他賽、阿比特龍先後與ADT結盟加入mHSPC的治療陣營,但兩之間孰優孰劣、三方結盟是否會為患者帶來更大獲益,這些問題有待進一步研究。另一方面,在CRPC治療陣營中,阿比特龍、恩雜魯胺和多西他賽已成三足鼎立之勢,但誰會更勝一籌?聯合治療是否帶來更大獲益?今年ASCO大會報道的另外兩項研究(摘要5002:恩雜魯胺和阿比特龍交叉對比II期試驗;摘要5004:恩雜魯胺耐葯後繼續聯合阿比特龍IV期試驗)均顯示了陰性結果。因此要理清三葯優劣、聯合方式和應用順序等問題,亟待開展大樣本頭對頭研究。

編譯者:

Adding abiraterone for men with high-risk prostate cancer (PCa)starting long-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT): Survivalresults from STAMPEDE (NCT00268476).

J Clin Oncol 35, 2017 (suppl; abstr LBA5003)

Author(s): Nicholas D. James, Johann S. De Bono, Melissa RuthSpears, Noel Clarke, Malcolm David Mason, David P. Dearnaley,Alastair W S Ritchie, J. Martin Russell, Clare Gilson, Robert J.Jones, Silke Gillessen, David Matheson, San Aung, Alison J. Birtle,Simon Chowdhury, Joanna Gale, Zafar Malik, Joe M. O'Sullivan,Mahesh K B Parmar, Matthew Robert Sydes; Queen Elizabeth Hospital,Coventry, United Kingdom; The Institute of Cancer Research and TheRoyal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; MRC Clinical TrialsUnit at UCL, London, United Kingdom; The Christie Hospital NHSFoundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Cardiff University,Cardiff, United Kingdom; The Royal Marsden Hospital and TheInstitute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Institute ofCancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom;University of Glasgow, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre,Glasgow, United Kingdom; Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland;Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom; Royal Devon andExeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom; Rosemere Cancer Centre,Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, United Kingdom; Guy's, King's, andSt Thomas' Hospitals, London, United Kingdom; Portsmouth HospitalsNHS Trust, Portsmouth, United Kingdom; Clatterbridge Cancer Centre,Bebington, United Kingdom; Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UnitedKingdom

Abstract Disclosures

Abstract:

Background: Abiraterone showed a survival advantage in men withcastration-refractory prostate cancer. We assessed whetherabiraterone would work earlier in the disease. STAMPEDE is arandomized controlled trial using a multi-arm multi-stage platformdesign. It recruits patients (pts) with high-risk locally advancedor metastatic PCa starting long-term ADT. We report the firstcomparative survival data. Methods: The standard-of-care (SOC) wasADT for 2+yrs; radiotherapy (RT) was mandated for men with N0M0disease & encouraged for N+M0. Stratified randomizationallocated pts 1:1 to SOC or SOC+abiraterone 1000mg + prednisolone5mg daily. Treatment duration depended on stage & intent togive radical RT: pts not having RT or M1 disease, treatmentcontinued until PSA, radiological & clinical progression;otherwise treatment continued until the earlier of 2 years or alltypes of progression. The primary outcome measure was death fromany cause. Comparison to control for survival had 90% power at 2.5%1-sided alpha for hazard ratio (HR) of 0.75, requiring ~267 controlarm deaths, accounting for 3 intermediate lack-of-benefit analyseson failure-free survival (FFS). Analyses used Cox proportionalhazards & flexible parametric models, adjusted forstratification factors. Results:1,917 pts were contemporaneouslyrandomized to these arms (Nov 2011- Jan 2014). Groups werebalanced: median age 67yrs; 52% metastatic, 20% N+/X M0, 28% N0M0;95% newly-diagnosed; median PSA 53ng/ml. Median follow-up was 40m.There were 262 control arm deaths (82% PCa). The adjusted HR = 0.63(95% CI 0.52-0.76; p=0.115x10-7; 184 deaths) for SOC+Abi vs SOC,with 3yr OS improved from 76% to 83%. There were 535 control armFFS events; the adjusted HR = 0.29 (95% CI 0.25-0.34; p =0.377x10-63, 248 FFS events) for SOC+Abi vs SOC. Grade 3 & 4adverse events were seen in 29% & 3% SOC, 41% & 5% SOC+Abi;Grade 5: 3 & 9 (1 & 2 related). Conclusions: The resultsshow a clinically & statistically significant effect on overallsurvival & failure-free survival from adding abiraterone atstart of ADT with a manageable increase in toxicity. ADT (+/- RT) +abiraterone is a new standard of care for this group. Clinicaltrial information: NCT00268476

LATITUDE: A phase III, double-blind, randomized trial ofandrogen deprivation therapy with abiraterone acetate plusprednisone or placebos in newly diagnosed high-risk metastatichormone-naive prostate cancer.

J Clin Oncol 35, 2017 (suppl; abstr LBA3)

Author(s): Karim Fizazi, Namphuong Tran, Luis Enrique Fein,Nobuaki Matsubara, Alfredo Rodríguez Antolín, Boris Y. Alekseev,Mustafa Ozguroglu, Dingwei Ye, Susan Feyerabend, Andrew Protheroe,Peter De Porre, Thian Kheoh, Youn C. Park, Mary Beth Todd, Kim N.Chi, On Behalf of the LATITUDE Investigators; Gustave Roussy CancerCampus and University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France; JanssenResearch and Development, LLC, Los Angeles, CA; Instituto deOncologia de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina; National Cancer CenterHospital East, Chiba, Japan; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre,Madrid, Spain; P.A. Herzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute,Moscow, Russia; Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey; FudanUniversity Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; StudienpraxisUrologie, Nurtingen, Germany; Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UnitedKingdom; Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Beerse, Belgium;Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, CA; JanssenResearch and Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ; Janssen GlobalServices, Raritan, NJ; BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Abstract Disclosures

Abstract:

Background: Pts with newly diagnosed mHNPC, particularly withhigh-risk characteristics, have a poor prognosis. ADT+docetaxelshowed improved outcomes in mHNPC, but many pts are not candidatesfor docetaxel and may benefit from alternative therapy. AA+P isindicated for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer pts.LATITUDE evaluates clinical benefit of early intervention with AA+Padded to ADT in newly diagnosed, high-risk mHNPC pts. Methods: 1199pts with newly diagnosed (≤ 3 mos prior to randomization) mHNPC(ECOG PS 0-2) with ≥ 2 of 3 risk factors (Gleason ≥ 8, ≥ 3 bonelesions, measurable visceral metastases) were randomized 1:1 toADT+AA (1 g QD) + P (5 mg QD) or ADT+PBOs of AA and P. Co-primaryend points were overall survival (OS) and radiographicprogression-free survival (rPFS). One rPFS (~565 events), 2interim, and 1 final OS analyses (~426, ~554, and ~852 events) wereplanned. Results: At this first interim analysis (median follow-upof 30.4 mos; 406 deaths [48%]; 593 rPFS events), OS, rPFS, and allsecondary end points significantly favored ADT+AA+P (Table). TheIDMC unanimously recommended unblinding the study and crossing ptsto ADT+AA+P. Grade 3/4 adverse events (ADT+AA+P vs ADT+PBOs) (%):hypertension (20.3 vs 10.0); hypokalemia (10.4 vs 1.3); increasedALT (5.5 vs 1.3) or AST (4.4 vs 1.5). Conclusions: Early use ofAA+P added to ADT in pts with high-risk mHNPC yielded significantlyimproved OS, rPFS, and all secondary end points vs ADT+PBOs alone.ADT+AA+P had a favorable risk/benefit ratio and supports earlyintervention with AA+P in newly diagnosed, high-risk mHNPC.Clinical trial information:NCT01715285

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