世界衛生組織(WHO)最權威致癌物清單

2017年10月27日世界衛生組織(WHO)國際癌症研究機構(IARC)整理公布了致癌物清單,該清單把目前已經過充分研究的致癌物分成以下幾類:

1類致癌物:對人類為確定致癌物

2A類致癌物:對人類致癌性證據有限,對實驗動物致癌性證據充分。

2B類致癌物:對人類致癌性證據有限,對實驗動物致癌性證據並不充分;或對人類致癌性證據不足,對實驗動物致癌性證據充分。

3類致癌物:對人類致癌性可疑,尚無充分的人體或動物數據

4類致癌物:對人類很可能不致癌

顯然,1類致癌物最值得關注,因為只有它們是確定的致癌物,可以讓人患癌。下面是1類致癌物清單。值得說明的是,雖然這個清單是由中國食品藥品檢定研究院安全評價研究所翻譯,並在中國國家食品藥品監督管理總局(CFDA)網站發布,但與世界衛生組織IARC發布的原始清單對照卻出了幾個低級錯誤:

最明顯的錯誤是,「加工肉類」本來在IARC發布的1級致癌物名單上,但CFDA翻譯轉發時卻沒有這一條,估計是漏掉了。其他錯誤還包括❶環孢菌素出現了兩次(環孢素ciclosporin/環孢黴素cyclosporine);甲環亞硝脲也出現了2次(英文名分別是methyl-CCNU及其商品名Semustine)。❷缺了林丹、五氯苯酚、埃及血吸蟲(感染)、紫外輻射和焊接煙塵等;❸painter誤譯為「畫家」,其實應該是「油漆工、粉刷工」(因為在油漆等塗料中會有很多致癌物,比如苯);❹ aluminium production本來是指「鋁生產」,竟然被譯成了「鋁產品」,難免讓人擔心鋁鍋致癌。

序號英文名稱中文名稱確定時間(年)
1Acetaldehyde associated with consumption of alcoholic beverages隨酒精飲料攝入的乙醛2012
2Acheson process, occupational exposure associated with艾其遜法(用焦炭和粘土混合加熱製造石墨的工業方法),職業暴露相關2017
3Acid mists, strong inorganic強無機酸霧2012
4Aflatoxins黃曲霉毒素2012
5Alcoholic beverages酒精飲料2012
6Aluminium production鋁產品(應為「鋁生產」)2012
74-Aminobiphenyl4-氨基聯苯2012
8Areca nut檳榔果2012
9Aristolochic acid馬兜鈴酸2012
10Aristolochic acid, plants containing包含馬兜鈴酸的植物2012
11Arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds砷和無機砷化合物2012
12Asbestos (all forms, including actinolite, amosite, anthophyllite, chrysotile, crocidolite, tremolite)鐵石棉,石棉(各種形式,包括陽起石直閃石,溫石棉,青石棉、透閃石)2012
13Auramine production金胺製造2012
14Azathioprine硫唑嘌呤2012
15Benzene2012
16Benzidine對二氨基聯苯2012
17Benzidine, dyes metabolized to聯苯胺、染料代謝2012
18Benzo[ a ]pyrene苯並芘2012
19Beryllium and beryllium compounds鈹和鈹化合物2012
20Betel quid with tobacco含煙草的檳榔嚼塊2012
21Betel quid without tobacco不含煙草的檳榔嚼塊2012
22Bis(chloromethyl)ether; chloromethyl methyl ether (technical-grade)二氯甲基醚;一氯甲基醚(技術等級)2012
23Busulfan白消安2012
241,3-Butadiene1,3-丁二烯2012
25Cadmium and cadmium compounds鎘及鎘化合物2012
26Chlorambucil苯丁酸氮芥2012
27Chlornaphazine萘氮芥2012
28Chromium (VI) compounds鉻(VI)化合物2012
29Ciclosporin環孢素2012
30Clonorchis sinensis (infection with)華支睾吸蟲(感染)2012
31Coal gasification煤的氣化2012
32Coal, indoor emissions from household combustion of家庭燃燒的煤,室內排放2012
33Coal-tar distillation煤焦油蒸餾2012
34Coal-tar pitch煤焦油瀝青2012
35Coke production焦炭製造2012
36Cyclophosphamide環磷醯胺2012
37Cyclosporine環孢黴素2012
381,2-Dichloropropane1,2-二氯丙烷2016
39Diethylstilbestrol己烯雌酚2012
40Engine exhaust, diesel發動機排放、柴油2013
41Epstein-Barr virus巴爾病毒2012
42Erionite毛沸石2012
43Estrogen therapy, postmenopausal雌激素治療絕經后2012
44Estrogen-progestogen menopausal therapy (combined)雌激素-孕激素更年期治療(聯合)2012
45Estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives (combined)雌激素-孕激素口服避孕藥(組合)2012
46Ethanol in alcoholic beverages酒精飲料中的乙醇2012
47Ethylene oxide環氧乙烷2012
48Etoposide依託泊苷2012
49Etoposide in combination with cisplatin and bleomycin依託泊苷結合順鉑和博來黴素2012
50Fission products, including strontium-90裂變產物,包括鍶- 902012
51Fluoro-edenite fibrous amphibole氟代-淺閃石纖維角閃石2017
52Formaldehyde甲醛,福爾馬林2012
53Haematite mining (underground)赤鐵礦礦業(地下)2012
54<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (infection with)幽門螺桿菌(感染)2012
55Hepatitis B virus (chronic infection with)乙型肝炎病毒(慢性感染)2012
56Hepatitis C virus (chronic infection with)丙型肝炎病毒(慢性感染)2012
57Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (infection with)人類免疫缺陷病毒I型(感染)2012
58Human papillomavirus types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59人類乳頭瘤病毒類型16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,592012
59Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I人類T淋巴細胞病毒I型2012
60Ionizing radiation (all types)電離輻射(所有類型)2012
61Iron and steel founding (occupational exposure during)鋼鐵鑄造(職業暴露)2012
62Isopropyl alcohol manufacture using strong acids使用強酸生產異丙醇2012
63Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus卡波濟肉瘤皰疹病毒2012
64Leather dust皮革塵埃2012
65Magenta production品紅製造2012
66Melphalan美法侖2012
67Methoxsalen (8-methoxypsoralen) plus ultraviolet A radiation甲氧沙林

甲氧補骨脂素

花椒毒素

+紫外線輻射

2012
68Methyl-CCNU甲基環已亞硝脲2012
694,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA)4,4'-亞甲基(2-氯苯胺)2012
70Mineral oils, untreated or mildly treated礦物油,未經處理或溫和治療2012
71MOPP and other combined chemotherapy including alkylating agentsMOPP(氮芥、長春新鹼、甲基苄肼、強的松)和其他聯合化療包括烷化劑2012
722-Naphthylamine2-萘胺2012
73Neutron radiation中子輻射2012
74Nickel compounds鎳化合物2012
75N'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)亞硝基降煙鹼,亞硝胺2012
76Opisthorchis viverrini(infection with)泰國肝吸蟲(麝貓后睾吸蟲、香貓肝吸蟲)(感染)2012
77Outdoor air pollution室外空氣污染2016
78Outdoor air pollution, particulate matter in室外空氣污染,顆粒物2016
79Painter (occupational exposure as a)畫家(職業暴露)(應為油漆工、粉刷工)2012
803,4,5,3』,4』-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126)多氯聯苯2012
812,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran多氯二苯並呋喃2012
82Phenacetin非那西汀2012
83Phenacetin, analgesic mixtures containing非那西汀,包含止痛劑混合物2012
84Phosphorus-32, as phosphate磷-32,磷酸2012
85Plutonium2012
86Polychlorinated biphenyls多氯聯苯2016
87Polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxin-like, with a Toxicity Equivalency Factor (TEF) according to WHO (PCBs 77, 81, 105, 114, 118, 123, 126, 156, 157, 167, 169, 189)類二惡英多氯聯苯,毒性等價係數(TEF)取自WHO(多氯聯苯77,77,81,77,81,123,126,156,157,167,169,189)2016
88Radioiodines, including iodine-131放射性碘,包括碘- 1312012
89Radionuclides, alpha-particle-emitting, internally deposited放射性核素,α粒子放射,內部沉積2012
90Radionuclides, beta-particle-emitting, internally deposited放射性核素,β粒子放射,內部沉積2012
91Radium-224 and its decay products鐳- 224及其衰變產物2012
92Radium-226 and its decay products鐳- 226及其衰變產物2012
93Radium-228 and its decay products鐳- 228及其衰變產物2012
94Radon-222 and its decay products氡- 222及其衰變產物2012
95Rubber manufacturing industry橡膠製造業2012
96Salted fish, Chinese-style中國式鹹魚2012
97Semustine [1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea, Methyl-CCNU]司莫司丁(甲基環己亞硝脲)2012
98Shale oils頁岩油2012
99Silica dust, crystalline, in the form of quartz or cristobalite二氧化硅粉塵、水晶、石英、方石英的形式2012
100Solar radiation太陽輻射2012
101Soot (as found in occupational exposure of chimney sweeps)煙塵(發現於煙囪清潔工的職業暴露)2012
102Sulfur mustard硫芥2012
103Tamoxifen它莫西芬2012
1042,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin四氯雙苯環二噁英(TCDD)2012
105Thiotepa三胺硫磷2012
106Thorium-232 and its decay products釷- 232及其衰變產物2012
107Tobacco smoke, second-hand吸二手煙2012
108Tobacco smoking吸煙2012
109Tobacco, smokeless無煙煙草2012
110ortho-Toluidine鄰甲苯胺2012
111Treosulfan蘇消安

曲奧舒凡

2012
112Trichloroethylene三氯乙烯2014
113Ultraviolet-emitting tanning devices紫外線放射日光浴設備2012
114Vinyl chloride氯乙烯2012
115Wood dust木粉2012
116X- and Gamma-RadiationX、γ輻射2012

作者:王興國,大連市中心醫院營養科主任,主任醫師;遼寧省營養學會副會長;新浪微博醫療大V;中國營養科學傳播之星,從事臨床營養治療、營養培訓教學和營養科普傳播20餘年,出版《吃的百科》《長胎不長肉》等科普書籍20餘部。今日頭條大數據顯示,在與健康相關的熱詞中,與營養相關的排名靠前。

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