名詞性從句（賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句）

六大基本句型

1主系表句型----- be （連繫動詞do）

2、主謂賓----- do（vt）

3、主謂----- do(vi)----(不及物動詞)

4、主謂賓補----do(vt)

5、主謂賓賓---do(vt) 記雙賓語的動詞一定要記。

6、There be (不及物動詞do)--------be (不及物動詞)

賓語從句定義：在主謂賓句型的賓語的位置上把做為名詞的賓語擴展成一個be句型或者do句型。可以用下列公式進行表示：主語+謂語+從句。

賓語從句的連詞① that , ②whether(or not)或if; ③which(whichever), who(whoever)，whom(whomever) ，whose(whosever)，what(whatever); ④when(whenever)，where(wherever)， why，how(however); ⑤ how many, how much, how long, how often，how soon

賓語從句的形式：

1、主謂賓句型的賓語從句: 做為名詞的賓語擴展成一個be句型或者do句型。

He knows the news

He knows that the teacher is in classroom

2、主謂賓賓---do(vt) 句型的賓語從句，把直接賓語變為一個be或do句型。

He tells me the news

He tells the news to me

He tells me that she is a teacher

He tells that she is a teacher to me

3、主謂賓補句型的賓語從句需要it來做形式賓語

I find Chinese important

主 謂 賓 補

I find that we make a quick decision about this matterimportant

主 謂 賓語從句 補

I find it important that we make a quick decision about this matter

主 謂 形式賓語 補 賓語從句

I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .

我認為每天多喝開水是有必要的.

I feel it a pity that I haven』t been to the get-together.

我沒去聚會,感覺非常遺憾.

I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.

我每天寫日記成了習慣.

4、賓語從句的省略形式：

某些形容詞後面可以帶賓語從句，其形式為sb+be+形容詞+that賓語從句：這一類形容詞通常是表示人物的心理，情感等狀態的形容詞如：

sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised

a. I am glad (that) you helped me.

b、I am sure (that) you can pass the exam.

1、I am glad of your help.

2、I am sure about your exam.

分析：上面句子中介詞後面所跟成分都做介詞賓語。我們完全可以將他們換成that+陳述句:

3、 I am glad of that you helped me.

4、 I am sure about that you can pass the exam.

從語法上講，以上的結構都是正確的。但是，由於這樣表達過於啰嗦，所以我們可以將其簡化，省去介詞，由於它們是賓語從句，所以連同that也可以省掉，因此，這是一種省略形式的賓語從句。

表語從句

同樣的道理，如果在主系表句型表語的位置上把表語變成一個be句型或者do句型，則稱為表語從句。

① The question is difficult -------_the question is how we make money .

主語 系 表 主語 系 表語從句

②------------------------------------------- the question is that she is a thief

主語 系 表語從句

③--------------------------the question is that there is a thief in the room

主語 系 表語從句

④ 事實是因為每個人都要生活------ the fact is because everyone must live

小結：表語從句的引導詞與賓語從句一樣，規律與賓語從句一樣，只不過稱呼不同而已，因此掌握賓語從句以後，表語從句無需特別學習。但要注意以下幾點：

1、不可以用if，而用whether 連接表語從句(as if 例外）。

False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.（錯誤）

Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.（正確）

2、that在表語從句中不可以省掉。

the question is that she is a thief

3、注意比較That is because...」句型與that is why….句型

「That is because...」與「That is why...」之間的不同在於「That is because...」指原因或理由，「That is why...」則指由於各種原因所造成的後果。例如：

1：He did not see the film last night.

That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.

2、He had seen the film before.

That is why he did not see it last night.

(第一句話說明原因， 第二句話說明結果)

4、當主語是reason, fact，idea等抽象名詞時，表語從句的連接詞應該用that.

①The reason is that he didn』t go to school

②The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is 「programmed」 tomake us do so.

A when B. why C. whetherD. that

③You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree.

A. whyB. where C. what D. how

主語從句

如果將主謂賓或主系表的主語擴展成為一個句子，稱為主語從句：

① The question is difficult ----that she makes money is difficult

主語 系 表 主語從句 系 表

----- it is difficult that she makes money

形式主語 系 表 真正的主語

It= that she makes money 主語從句的結構：it is….that…..

②the cat is a fact ----- that there is a cat in the room is a fact

主語從句

it is a fact that there is a cat in the room

形式主語 系 表 真正主語

③he knows the news---- that he knows the news surprises me

It surprises me that he knows the news

小結：主語從句的引導詞與賓語從句一樣，規律與賓語從句一樣，只不過稱呼不同而已，因此掌握賓語從句以後，主語從句無需特別學習。但需要注意兩點：

1,主語從句有形式主語it

2, 引導詞if不能引導主語從句，只能用whether….(or not)

If 不能引導主語從句———他明天是否上學還不知道 if he will go to school is unclear (錯誤) it is unclear if he will go to school（錯誤）

Whether he will go to school is unclear It is unclear whether he will go to school (正確)

3、以下幾點需要注意：It 作形式主語和it引導強調句的比較

It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結構，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。

而it引導的強調句則是對句子某一部分進行強調，無論強調的是什麼成分，都可用連詞that。被強調部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：

Itisa pitythat you didn』t go to see the film.

Itwas the football team and Ithat(who) helped the old man

4、(1) 主系表的主語從句形式 it +系+表+從句

　　It is a fact that … 事實是…

　　It is natural that… 很自然…

(2)主謂賓的主語從句形式：it+謂語（及物動詞）+賓語+從句

（3）主謂的主語從句形式： it +謂語（不及物動詞）＋從句

　　It seems that… 似乎…

　　It happened that… 碰巧…

(4)主謂賓賓的主語從句形式：it +謂語+賓語+賓語+從句

(5)主謂賓補的主語從句形式：it +謂語+賓語+補語+從句

在英語語法上，習慣上我們所稱的名詞性從句指的是賓語從句，主語從句和表語從句的統稱。